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Surgical castration by orchidectomy Surgical castration is the simplest and cheapest way to treat metastatic prostate cancer. The obvious disadvantage is the psychological effect of the loss of the testicles. LHRH-analogues LHRH-analogues and oestrogen achieve a "medical castration" by stopping the testicular production of testosterone. LHRH-analogues are injections that have to be given monthly or three monthly for the rest of the patient's life. They are effective but very expensive. Oestrogen Oestrogen can be taken orally on a daily basis. It has a high incidence of thrombotic complications such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Anti-androgens Anti-androgens oppose the action of testosterone by blocking the androgen receptors. The incidence of erectile dysfunction is less than with surgical or medical orchidectomy because testosterone levels are maintained in the bloodstream. Anti-androgens alone are probably not adequate treatment for metastatic disease. Total androgen blockade by a combination of steroidal anti-androgens and LHRH-analogues or orchidectomy has not been shown to be better than LHRH-analogues or orchidectomy alone. However, non-steroidal anti-androgens yields slightly better results than castration alone. Locally advanced disease without metastases. The overall results of treatment of patients with disease beyond the prostate are not good. Some patients with early disease beyond the prostatic capsule, and no evidence of metastases, benefit from radical treatment. The most widely used treatment regimens consist of a combination of radiotherapy and hormonal treatment. Treatment options for locally advanced and metastatic disease. · Early hormonal treatment · Watchful waiting with hormonal treatment once symptoms develop Disease that has spread to the seminal vesicles and beyond is not real curable. Prostate cancer is dependent on the male hormone testosterone. 80% of patients will respond to hormonal treatment that deprives the tumor of testosterone. This response usually involves the shrinkage of metastases and symptomatic improvement for the patient. The response to hormonal treatment is not a cure but can last for many years in some patients. The average duration of response is 2 years. Most cancers eventually escape hormonal manipulation. This is referred to as hormone independent disease and is usually followed by death within a few months. Controversy exists regarding the timing of hormonal treatment. Most studies indicate a survival benefit for early rather than late hormonal maneuver. Testosterone deprivation has side effects like erectile dysfunction, breast enlargement and osteoporosis. The earlier hormonal treatment is instituted the greater the chance of complications. Once again treatment has to be individualized to the needs of the specific patient. With our next information - we will inform you about the “Staging and grading of prostate cancer” - so you should have a look on this site in the next 2 weeks! If you have any question sends us your e-mail. cheap penis enlarement natural penile enlargment technique buy pennis enlargement pills penis enhancement excercises vimax truth about penis enlargement pills pennis enlargement result homemade penis enlarement free pnis enlargement tip

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Erectile dysfunction (ED), which is generally called impotence, is the repeated inability of a man to get or maintain an erection of penis sufficiently rigid for sexual intercourse, ejaculation, or both. Today, ED has become a serious sexual health problem in men as it affects a person psychologically. Due to the personal nature of the disease, it is difficult to estimate how many men are affected by it. A person suffering from Erectile dysfunction rarely come forward to talk it openly with health personnel, but nowadays, it is discussed openly and more men are coming forward to treat it. The most common cause of Erectile dysfunction (ED) is damage to the tissues, nerves, arteries, muscles or fibrous tissue. Conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease, chronic alcoholism, multiple sclerosis and cardiovascular disease account for around 70% of cases of ED. Erectile dysfunction is also a side effect of some common medications, including blood pressure drugs, antihistamiines, antidepressants and tranquilizers. According to health experts, psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, guilt, depression, low self-esteem, and fear of sexual failure cause up to 20% of cases. Smoking has also been linked to ED. Being older is primarily associated with impotence in most men. Nevertheless, impotence is not inevitable with age. Clinical studies suggest that men of any age can be affected by this problem at some point of their sexual life. ED is treatable at any age, and awareness of this fact has been growing. More men have been seeking help and returning to normal sexual activity because of improved, successful treatments for ED. Various options for the treatment of ED are available today. Psychotherapy is prescribed by doctors for patients who are likely to benefit, but alternative treatment includes drugs, vacuum devices, and surgery. There has been a surge of interest among men on the wonder drug Sildenafil citrate or Viagra, which was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1998. Viagra belongs to a class of drugs called phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and it works by increasing blood flow to the penis. Once you take it, Viagra can work in as quickly as 30 minutes. Viagra works for 4 hours. As with all erectile dysfunction medications, Viagra should only be used under a doctor's supervision. The recommended dose for Viagra is 50 mg, and the physician may adjust this dose to 100 mg or 25 mg, depending on the patient. The most common side effects of Viagra are headache, facial flushing, and upset stomach. Less commonly, bluish vision, blurred vision, or sensitivity to light may briefly occur. With the increasing use of the Internet as a vehicle for buying goods at the ease of one’s home, one can easily buy Viagra or any other anti-ED drugs online. Buying Viagra online ensures anonymity of the buyer and the drug is delivered at your doorsteps confidentially. Moreover, there are numerous pharmaceutical companies offering generous discounts on price for those who buy Viagra online. So, if you are depressed due to ED and ashamed of discussing it to others, come out of the closet and get benefited by buying cheap Viagra online. safe penis enlargement penile enlargment result compare penis elargement pills vimax herbal penis enlargement pills penis enlarement excercises free penis enlarement technique penis enargement before and after picture free penis enargement penis enhancement

Do you know what Crohn’s disease is? It is a chronic inflammatory disorder that causes ulcerations in the small and large intestines. This happens when the body tissues are attacked by its own immune system. Recently a study published in The Lancet says that Crohn’s disease is caused by a weak immune response and Viagra can be of help in this condition. A group of researchers in the University College London, UK found out a new reason behind the inflammation in Crohn’s. They tested inflammatory response to bacteria by injecting harmless Escherichia Coli under the skin to measure local inflammatory and blood flow changes. Their investigation showed that the Crohn’s patients had very low blood flow producing lower quantities of neutrophils and inflammatory mediators. The problem with low blood flow, they suggest, can be treated with Sildenafil Citrate. According to Anthony Segal, the main researcher, in Crohn's disease, a constitutionally weak immune response predisposes to accumulation of intestinal contents that breach the mucosal barrier of the bowel wall, causing granuloma formation and chronic inflammation. An increased blood flow may increase the immune response in the body and help in treating the Crohn’s disease. The diamond shaped blue pill Viagra, with its main ingredient Sildenafil Citrate, till today, was well known for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Later, we knew that Viagra can be a good treatment for enlarged heart condition. There are a lot of diseases associated with blood flow and nitric oxide in human body. Viagra has sensed the need to have a control over human body fluid and have been able to control it when required. Viagra is a PDE5 inhibitor that inhibits the reduction of enzyme guanylate cyclase which is responsible for the penile erection. This is because the relaxed penile muscles induce increased blood flow to the corpus cavernosum and engorge the penile section with blood resulting in a firm and hardened penis. With Viagra, it becomes easy to attain and sustain a penile erection. The amazing fact about Viagra is, the compound was studied initially as a treatment of heart related diseases. It was by chance found very affective in improving the penis erectile functions. This mechanism of Sildenafil Citrate did what no other drug could do. It addressed the problem of mail impotence for the first time and proved that it is like any other physical condition which can be treated with medications. Slowly researchers from the different corners of the world have found out the potentials of the wonder drug. It can protect the heart from the damages of heart attack and stroke; it has been prescribed for the rare heart conditions, recommended for women with diabetes and even for stimulating brain function. Now the latest being Crohn’s disease, Sildenafil seems to be a magic pill created by Pfizer for the purpose of healing the human ailments. God bless Viagra and Viagra maker; long live the blessed human race! ___________________________________________________________________ vimax penis enlargement forum penis enlargment com enlagement penis penis pump do penile enlargement pills work penile enlargment pic medical penis enargement penis enhancement operation cheapest pennis enlargement pills penis enhancement

The penis is as complex as any other part of the human body, despite a deceivingly simple appearance. Moreover, since the two functions of the penis are well-known to men and women alike, there is a tendency to think that everybody knows everything worth knowing about it. However, there are always a few questions left unanswered or some obscure bit of information that nobody bothers to remember and which may become interesting in a certain context. So here’s a general description of the penis whose aim is to provide a comprehensive presentation of this organ. Basically, the human penis is made up of two parts: the shaft and the glans (also known as the head). The shaft is not a muscle as some have suggested. It is made of three columns of tissue, one of which continues forward to form the glans. The three columns are called Corpus Spongiosus, which forms the underside of the penis and the glans, and Corpora Cavernosa, which are two sections of tissue located next to each other on the upper side of the penis. The shaft is covered in skin, while the glans supports the loosely attached fold of skin known as the foreskin. The foreskin is attached to the underside of the penis, in an area called the frenum. And, lastly, the penis is traversed from one end to the other by the urethra. This canal serves as a passage for both urine, produced in the bladder, and the sperm, produced in the testicles. Erection is achieved by filling the two Corpora Cavernosa with blood. Unlike some other mammals, humans have no erectile bone and have to rely instead on engorgement with blood to reach erection. When the erection is triggered by sexual stimulation, the arteries that bring blood to the penis dilate in order to increase blood flow. The sponge-like Corpora Cavernosa fills up with blood, which makes the penis stiff. The stiffer tissues constrict the veins that carry blood away from the penis in order to maintain the erection. Every male baby is born with a full set of reproductive organs. However, these organs are not fully developed and remain so until the boy enters puberty. At puberty, usually between the ages of 10 and 14, the pituitary gland starts secreting hormones that induce the testicles to produce testosterone. Testosterone is the hormone that controls all the physical and many of the psychological traits that define man. Its presence ensures the development of bigger bones and higher muscle mass in men. It is also responsible for the increase in penis and testicles size, the apparition of pubic hair and the deeper tone of the male voice. The penis stops growing at the end of puberty, which comes around the age of 18. However, there are many environment factors that may delay or accelerate the onset or the end of puberty. This means that some men may experience penis growth beyond the age of 18. A common urban myth that almost anyone has heard of is the idea that penis size is linked to the size of another body part. The most common versions of this myth focus on the size of hands, feet, nose or overall height to determine the size of the penis. Actually, there is no such link. Although the development of the penis in the embryo is controlled by the same genes as the limbs, penis growth at puberty is entirely governed by testosterone and has nothing to do with the other parts of the body. Some men are born with big penises. This is an undisputed fact of life whose causes are still a mystery to science. As stated above, there is no correlation between penis and body size. Studies conducted on bats have shown that the sexual organs and the brain require large quantities of energy to develop. At some point, the developing embryo decides whether it wants a bigger brain or a bigger set of sexual organs. However, science is still at a loss to understand how the decision is made and why. And, lastly, a word on penis exercises. The exercises that PenisHealth promotes are designed to force the columns of tissue to expand in both length and girth. This is done by exerting pressure on the shaft and helping the cells that make up the tissues to multiply. Obviously, the aim of these exercises is to make the Corpora Cavernosa hold more blood in order to increase the size of the erect penis. Contrary to what many skeptics think, the careful and sustained exercising of the penis is a safe and effective way of increasing length and girth. real penis enlarement does penis elargement work vimax review where to buy vigrx penis enlargment surgery picture enhancement manhattan penis permanent penis enhancement penis enlarement before and after penis enhancement

Penile Implants These are the most irreversible and drastic ways of achieving artificial erection. Only when all other measures have been exhausted with no longer-lasting effects are achieved is that penile implants are warranted. These are prosthetic devices made of inert silicone, which are surgically inserted into the penis. Normal erection cannot be achieved after that. There are two kinds of penile implants: Passive Implants: Two rods of silicone are inserted into the penis, which remains erect all the time. The silicone rods can be put in different angles, but this may be an embarrassment in public occasions such as swimming. Orgasm may be achieved unless there are hormonal or neural factors which impede it. Active Implants: These are inflatable silicone pouches which are also implanted into the penis. The penis remains in flaccid state until a proper manipulation of the prosthesis causes its inflation and consequent erection. One type of implant is activated by pressing the glans (the head of the penis) with one hand. Liquid is transferred from a reservoir to the main inflatable pouches. In another type, the liquid reservoir is implanted into the scrotal sac, and can be pumped by hand. Other Treatments Other surgical and non-surgical treatments for impotence are being tried in an experimental basis, and there may be a promising future for some of them. For instance, groups of physicians in Russia and Germany have been experimenting with electrical stimulation of the pelvic area using an external pad applied to the abdomen and back. There are already commercial devices using this principle, which seems to increase the blood flow in the genital area. Direct stimulation of pelvic nerves (leading to a nerve-induced erection) by using implanted electrodes and an electrical pacemaker-like device are also being considered. "Natural" or alternative methods do abound. They range from "natural" foods which have high testosterone or DHEA levels, such as green oats (marketed under the brand name of SEXATIVA) or saw palmetto; to yoga exercises to increase muscle tone and blood flow in the genital area. It is hard to say whether there are real effects or they are just the effect of suggestion or placebo phenomena. One thing has been scientifically determined, however. The blood levels of testosterone increase just after exercise, or by loosing excessive weight. Thus, a natural way of combating mild hypogonadism might be frequent exercising and keeping a normal weight. Controversial and unapproved treatments Controversial and unapproved treatments Bremelanotide The experimental drug Bremelanotide (formerly PT-141) does not act on the vascular system like the former compounds but increases sexual desire and drive in male as well as female. It is applied as a nasal spray. Bremelanotide works by activating melanocortin receptors in the brain. It is currently in Phase IIb trials. Ginseng A double-blind study appears to show evidence that ginseng is better than placebo: see the ginseng article for links and more details. Enzyte Enzyte is a product that has been advertised by saturation coverage on television channels such as Court-TV. However, the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) has filed a complaint with the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) about Enzyte for deceptive advertising. It is manufactured by Berkeley Nutritionals, which is alleged to be the subject of an investigation by the Attorney General of Ohio and the defendant in class-action lawsuits. Enzyte is a supplement that claims to increase the male libido or frequency of erections of the penis. Commercials for Enzyte are shown regularly on television. These commercials feature a man named Bob who never stops smiling, apparently because he had taken Enzyte and improved the size of his sex organs. The commercials are riddled with symbolic phallic imagery, e.g. golf clubs, remarkably tall glasses of iced tea, and a hose spraying barely a trickle of water (carried by someone who doesn't use Enzyte). The effectiveness of Enzyte is in dispute. Some medical professionals in fact advise against taking Enzyte, saying that it can lead to damage. The Center for Science in the Public Interest have urged the Federal Trade Commission to disallow further television advertising for Enzyte due to a lack of proper studies supporting claims. Enzyte maker Berkeley Premium Nutraceuticals, Inc., is currently under a class action lawsuit for false advertising. Enzyte is said to contain: Tribulus terrestris; Yohimbe Extract; Niacin; Epimedium; Avena sativa; Zinc Oxide; Maca; Muira Pauma; Ginkgo biloba; L-Arginine; Saw Palmetto. Other ingredients: gelatin, rice bran, oat fiber, magnesium stearate, silicon dioxide. Herbal and other alternative treatments These are generally ineffective when tested blind, but may be useful for their psychological (placebo) effect: if a good result is expected, any highly-praised, and often expensive, treatment can be effective. Reputable drugs can also benefit from the same effect. Uncontroversial treatments for erectile dysfunction PDE5 Inhibitors The prescription PDE5 inhibitors sildenafil (Viagra®), vardenafil (Levitra®) and tadalafil (Cialis®) are prescription drugs which are taken orally. They work by blocking the action of PDE5, which causes cGMP to degrade. cGMP causes the smooth muscle of the arteries in the penis to relax, allowing the corpus cavernosum to fill with blood. Vacuum pump An external vacuum pump will produce an engorged penis with success approaching 90%; a penis ring will maintain this state, although it should be removed after not more than 30 minutes. The erection is not as rigid or hard as a natural erection; drugs or injections, when they work, may be preferable. Various studies show the degree of satisfaction of users and their partners to be vary variable, even when drugs and injections do not work; in one study, about 20% of men who tried a (high-priced) pump decided to proceed to purchase one. Other studies show higher percentages of satisfied users. In some cases frequent use of a vacuum pump can eventually improve the degree of erection attainable without use of the pump. Claims of cheap "penis pumps" to permanently increase maximum penis size should be viewed with caution, however. Some vacuum pumps are sold at a higher price with 100% refund within 90 days to dissatisfied users, with a somewhat lower price with 50% refund guarantee (Osbon Erecaid, [7]). This pump is supported by medical insurance schemes, including the UK's NHS and US Medicare and private insurers. The better-known pumps sell for prices of around 200 GBP/400 USD (2006). There is at least one vacuum pump with rings which sells for around one-fifth of this price (Noogleberry, [8]). Specific devices are mentioned for information only; mention should not be taken as endorsement.